Free Essays on Tradition English Courtship In The 17th Century

TRADITIONAL ENGLISH COURTSHIPS IN THE 17th CENTURY TIFFANY NORWOOD â€Å"We live in a conjugal age, when the couple has become the standard for all intimate relationships, the unmarried and the married, the homosexual as well as the heterosexual.† Men and women are always searching for that â€Å"certain someone.† Courtship is defined as wooing, but in the 17th century England it was much more. It was a session that had stages, rituals, and procedures. The parents played a huge role in the courtship and even the marriage. Traditional courtship in the 1600s was much more complex and drowns out then today’s engagement. Many were arranged or based on social status. There was also a large age difference between the men and women. Marriage and courting was often thought of as a brutal and painful ordeal. There were many problems with courting in the 17th century. Courtship was approached with caution and little romantic spontaneity that we expect from our young lovers today. Straight forwardness and personal expressions of love was not accepted. The action of courting was very impersonal. â€Å"There has never been a time in recorded history when the relations between the sexes have not been highly problematic. ‘The rituals and procedures had very distinctive acts among them. This consisted of betrothal, posting of banns, and a big church wedding, all combined in a period of several months. There were three steps to a proper marriage; first there was the consent of the friends and parents, publicly making their engagement known or the exchange of love tokens. Then following was a required public blessing by the family and close kin. And finally the big church ceremony after the posting of the banns. The very being of this was all too impersonal. The young were the owners of courtship. â€Å"Its rites expressed their needs, its symbols their desires.† Family consent as well as the friends’ approval had a large e... Free Essays on Tradition English Courtship In The 17th Century Free Essays on Tradition English Courtship In The 17th Century TRADITIONAL ENGLISH COURTSHIPS IN THE 17th CENTURY TIFFANY NORWOOD â€Å"We live in a conjugal age, when the couple has become the standard for all intimate relationships, the unmarried and the married, the homosexual as well as the heterosexual.† Men and women are always searching for that â€Å"certain someone.† Courtship is defined as wooing, but in the 17th century England it was much more. It was a session that had stages, rituals, and procedures. The parents played a huge role in the courtship and even the marriage. Traditional courtship in the 1600s was much more complex and drowns out then today’s engagement. Many were arranged or based on social status. There was also a large age difference between the men and women. Marriage and courting was often thought of as a brutal and painful ordeal. There were many problems with courting in the 17th century. Courtship was approached with caution and little romantic spontaneity that we expect from our young lovers today. Straight forwardness and personal expressions of love was not accepted. The action of courting was very impersonal. â€Å"There has never been a time in recorded history when the relations between the sexes have not been highly problematic. ‘The rituals and procedures had very distinctive acts among them. This consisted of betrothal, posting of banns, and a big church wedding, all combined in a period of several months. There were three steps to a proper marriage; first there was the consent of the friends and parents, publicly making their engagement known or the exchange of love tokens. Then following was a required public blessing by the family and close kin. And finally the big church ceremony after the posting of the banns. The very being of this was all too impersonal. The young were the owners of courtship. â€Å"Its rites expressed their needs, its symbols their desires.† Family consent as well as the friends’ approval had a large e...

Shakespeares New Year and Christmas Quotes

Shakespeare's New Year and Christmas Quotes New Year Celebrations hardly feature in Shakespeare’s works and he only mentions Christmas three times. Explaining the lack of New Year quotes is easy enough, but why did Shakespeare dodge Christmas in his writing? Shakespeare New Year Quotes New Year barely features in Shakespeare’s plays simply because it wasn’t until 1752 that the Gregorian calendar was adopted in Britain. In Elizabethan England, the year changed after Lady Day on 25 March. For Shakespeare, the New Year celebrations of the modern world would have seemed bizarre because in his own time New Year’s Day was nothing more than the eighth day of Christmas. However, it was still customary in the court of Elizabeth I to exchange gifts at New Year, as this quote from Merry Wives of Windsor demonstrates (but note the distinct lack of celebratory tone): Have I lived to be carried in a basket, like abarrow of butcher’s offal, and to be thrown in theThames? Well, if I be served such another trick,I’ll have my brains ta’en out and buttered, and givethem to a dog for a new-year’s gift†¦Merry Wives of Windsor (Act 3, Scene 5) Shakespeare Christmas Quotes So that explains the lack of New Year celebration; but why are there so few Shakespeare Christmas quotes? Perhaps he was â€Å"a bit of a Scrooge!† Joking aside, the â€Å"Scrooge† factor is actually very important. In Shakespeare’s time, Christmas simply wasn’t celebrated in the same way as it is today. It was 200 years after the death of Shakespeare that Christmas was popularized in England, thanks to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert importing many of the German Christmas traditions. Our modern conception of Christmas is immortalized in Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, from the same period. So, in many ways,  Shakespeare was â€Å"a bit of a Scrooge!† Here are the three times Shakespeare did mention Christmas in his plays: At Christmas I no more desire a roseThan wish a snow in May’s new-fangled mirth;Love’s Labours Lost (Act 1, Scene 1) I see the trick on’t: here was a consent,Knowing aforehand of our merriment,To dash it like a Christmas comedy:Some carry-tale, some please-man, some slight zany,Love’s Labours Lost (Act Five, Scene 2) SLY. Marry, I will; let them play it. Is not a comonty a Christmas gambold or a tumbling-trick?PAGE. No, my good lord, it is more pleasing stuff.The Taming of the Shrew (Intro, scene 2) Did you notice how downbeat these Shakespeare Christmas quotes are? That’s because, in Elizabethan England, Easter was the main Christian festival. Christmas was a less-important 12-day festival known for pageants put on at the Royal Court and by churches for townspeople. In the quotes above, Shakespeare does not hide his dislike of pageant acting: In Love’s Labours Lost, Berowne guesses that a wooing strategy has failed and that the ladies are now ridiculing the men. The ridicule is compared to a Christmas play: â€Å"dash it like a Christmas comedy.†In The Taming of the Shrew, Sly disregards the action as a Christmas â€Å"gambold†, a word meaning a frolic or light entertainment. Page suggests that it will be better than that awful acting you see at Christmas. Overlooking New Year and Christmas The lack of New Year and Christmas celebration may seem strange to the modern reader, and one must look at the calendar and religious conventions of Elizabethan England to contextualize this absence. None of Shakespeare’s plays are set at Christmas, not even Twelfth Night, which is commonly considered to be a Christmas play. It is widely believed that the play’s title was written for a performance on the twelfth day of Christmas at the royal court. But a reference in the title to the timing of the performance is where the Christmas references of this play end. It actually has nothing to do with Christmas.

To what extent would the smoking ban affect the pub industry in Wales Essay

To what extent would the smoking ban affect the pub industry in Wales - Essay Example In 1974, 51% of men and 41% of women smoked cigarettes - nearly half the adult population of the UK. Now just over one-quarter smoke, but the decline in recent years has been heavily concentrated in older age groups: i.e., almost as many young people are taking up smoking but more established smokers are quitting. Adult smoking rates vary only slightly between different parts of the country, as defined by the Government Office Regions. For example, in the East of England 25% of people smoke, in the North West, 30%. In Scotland 31% of the population smokes; in Wales the prevalence is 27%. (Smoking statistics 2005) About 48 million people in the United States smoke an estimated total of 430 billion cigarettes each year. Until the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a hazard to health. Smoke from the average cigarette contains around 4,000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic and at least 43 of which cause cancer. Nicotine, a major constituent of tobacco smoke, is both poisonous and highly addictive. Nicotine is an oily liquid substance found in tobacco leaves that acts as a stimulant and also contributes to smoking addiction. When extracted from the leaves, nicotine is colorless, but quickly turns brown when exposed to air. It has an acrid, burning taste. Nicotine is a very powerful poison, and it forms the base of many insecticides. Cigarette tobacco contains only a small amount of nicotine and most of this nicotine is destroyed by the heat of burning so that the actual concentration of nicotine in smoke is low. However, even a small amount of nicotine is sufficient to be addictive. The amount of nicotine absorbed by the body from inhaling smoke depends on many factors including the type of tobacco, whether the smoke is inhaled, and whether a filter is used. Nicotine has various effects on the body. In small doses nicotine serves as a nerve stimulant, entering the bloodstream and promoting the flow of adrenaline, a stimulating hormone. It speeds up the heartbeat and may cause it to become irregular. It also raises the blood pressure and reduces the appetite, and it may cause nausea and vomiting. The known health risks associated with cigarette smoking, such as damage to the lungs and lung cancer, are thought to be caused by other components of cigarettes such as tars and other by-products of smoking, and by the irritating effects of smoke on the lung tissue. Addiction to smoking is caused by nicotine itself. Stopping smoking produces withdrawal symptoms within 24 to 48 hours, which commonly include irritability, headaches, and anxiety, in addition to the strong desire to smoke. Ban on smoking in pubs Smoking bans are government prohibitions or voluntary bans decided by establishment management on tobacco smoking in public or quasi-public indoor areas such as offices, restaurants, hotels, or even outdoor public areas such as parks and sports stadiums. In most jurisdictions the sale of tobacco to minors, or minors under a certain age, is prohibited. Such laws have been introduced by many countries in various forms over the years, with legislators citing health statistics that show tobacco smoking is often

International Human Resoerce Managmanet Assignment

International Human Resoerce Managmanet - Assignment Example As co-operation processes play a central role in teams we focus on processes centered on co-operation in and between groups with teams understood as social systems which define themselves in relation to their organizational and social surroundings"(Brewster, Harris, 279: 1999). So the culture needs to be considered here, culture means the norms, the traditions, and the values, in the case of MPS we have to bring the same culture and ways of working that are being followed in the USA to all the subsidiaries, this is the only way to survive and to have the same success that the USA based MPS achieved, another important thing that should be kept in mind prior to culture is the mentality of employees in subsidiaries, which should be similar to the employees of parent company. No matter where you are from, no matter what are your preferences but you should be very much competitive in working and should be a hard worker, so from this point of view the company has to make slight adjustments in their recruitment and selection policies, more importantly, the company is a very popular one and not an ordinary company which is having poor market everywhere, so they need to bring in the best talent of Europe in their company, this is all possible by proper interviewing and keeping a selection criteria, where communication barriers are occurring the company needs to form a new policy, they can bring in the natives at the executive positions so that it would be very easy to give them incentives and through them communicating the union to work effectively. Also there is another policy that should be formed and that is instead of bringing in all the employees for the training program, the parent company should call the executives of the native countries to the USA and then give them training and also instructions so that they can give similar instructions to their employees in the native country, this would for sure help the employees to understand the rules and regulations in a better way because they would be taught and instructed by their own people.  

Roles in Our Everyday Life Essay Example for Free

Roles in Our Everyday Life Essay In our everyday life, every person plays or carries more than one role. Our lives have become demanding. One role would not accomplish our goals from day to day. Carrying different roles also will mold us into stronger, more independent individuals. Each role is different and carries its challenges. Three roles that I carry are a parent, a wife, and a child. I would say out of these three roles being a mother is the most difficult and challenging. First role and most important role to me is being a mother. As a mother I have to care for my children’s needs, safety, health concerns, and daily needs. My children are my life, which is why it is the most important role. To care for a child and provide for their needs is demanding and stressful. I have learned how to juggle between what they need constantly and balance my other roles and accomplish my goals. The best tool to succeed in carrying different roles as a mother is multi-tasking. A mothers’ full day of work is getting my children up and ready for school on time. Help them with homework questions. Install morals and the difference between wrong and right. Encourage them to make correct decisions when I am not there. Help them understand life may not be fair and things may not go our way but we learn from our mistakes and move on. Being a mother has made me a stronger person, more independent, and more understanding and passionate. Children have a way of breaking the person we are and molding us into the way we should be. An example would be my daughter has asthma and her health condition requires complete and constant care. Caring for or stopping an asthma attack while helping my other children requires prioritizing to obtain the best outcome. A mother can balance school functions, doctor appointments, cooking dinner, paying bills, shopping, cleaning the house, laundry, as well as other roles we play. All of the demands for a mother also fall in the same category as a wife which is our next role. Being a wife has taught me having a companion, partner; friend in life can also be a challenge. Couples will have disagreements, but being role models are a crucial part of life. You also have to become familiar with the person you commit too. You learn their likes and dislike, as well as, what kind of person they are. Marriage is a never-ending learning experience. An example is being there for my husband in sickness/health, supporting his career; or simply standing behind him in all things. This includes even at time when he may be wrong. Behind every good man is a good woman. A perfect example of this is my husband is a veteran. He served his time in the military and school and works to provide for our family. During the time he was in the military we were never in one location, I did not complain I supported him in his duty to our country. Although, his service to our country; required him to leave his family, to be deported to Afghanistan. He was fighting for our freedom and rights. My husband may not have been around at times when I needed him but he was there in mind, spirit and heart which is what pulled me through the difficult time of deployment. Again, this is another role that molded me into a more independent and stronger individual. My final role in life is being a child. It is funny we start out as a child, grow into adults, become parents; but we will always remain mommy or daddy’s little girl/boy. When we are growing up we don’t think about getting in trouble or the consequences. When we become parents we look back and appreciate what our parents taught us so we may pass it on to our children. Our parents care for us as we are children then the roles reverse and we care for our parents when we are older. Now that I look back I can see me in my mothers’ eyes. I think back when I was a child and remember how hard it was for my mother to care for me and my siblings and the roles she played in my childhood. One challenge as a child I remember my mother faced, was when I was 11 months old and my mother cared for me, my sister, and my brother after losing my dad. It brought more challenges for her and more roles as a woman, and mother. My mother has always said things in life happen for a reason, we don’t understand why but in the end everything works out for the best. I can remember my mother caring for her children, working to provide for us, caring for our everyday needs while sacrificing her needs. My mother has showed my through life you do the best you can, always be yourself, and stick to your morals. With this advice you can go anywhere and be anything in life you set your mind too. Now that I am a mother, wife, and my mother’s child I get to apply the lessons she has taught us to my roles. Full filing many different roles in life is challenging, hard, complicated, and may be stressful. We learn in life to handle these as they come along and our end result is something we hold the result too. Through life we can offer advice, recommendations, and support to our children who will have a challenging life ahead of them with today’s society and its steady decline. In the end, I would not take anything for the life, lessons, morals, support, and journey I have walked but look back and be proud of the individual I have accomplished.

The Crucial Role of Teiresias in Sophocles’ Antigone Essay -- Antigone

The Crucial Role of Teiresias in Sophocles’ Antigone Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in ancient Greece during approximately 441 B.C. The story is set in a palace in Thebes, a city within Greece. Teiresias is an old blind prophet who claims to be capable of seeing the future, he has yet to tell a prophesy to be untrue; he has immense credibility. A theme within the text is: quality not quantity. In this translation of Antigone, Teiresias has exactly 76 lines of text. Physically this is very little of a role; one could assume Teiresias is not an important character at all; however, this is untrue. Teiresias is a character with an extremely minute role, yet he has immense influence over the resolution of the story, the characters, and the decisions they choose to make. Teiresias’ role in the story is relatively small in terms of stage time, yet what he says is so influential and important that it has an extreme effect over the attitude of Creon. Creon expresses his profound respect for Teiresias when he says, â€Å"I’ve always been attentive to your counsel †¦ So ...

Life Choices and Consequences Essay

My Grandfather always said to me â€Å" s3 wo si as3 Ny3 wo d3 a 3h) na wo tafiri† –â€Å"Even if you don’t like the taste in your mouth that is where you will always lick† The diversity of life impinges on us to make a choice in every single decision. Whatever you have done in your life and whatever you will do is simple a bundle of choices you have made or will make. And every single one of these choices serves as a foundation for another choice. But the more fascinating thing about choices is that every single one of our choices reduces the probability of options that are readily available to us . And this is extremely important because the surprising number of us do not realized that all that we are and everything we have are the results of choices . We are in control of our choices and thus our life’s direction and destiny. Our choices and our life go hand in hand . the life you are living is simply a cumulative series of choices you have made. We have gotten used to making choices that we scarcely think of it as the means that unfolds our life before our eyes. Choices are about yielding and resisting. They are about reflections and impulsiveness. They are about the present and future and it is a yes and no affair and a now later business but whatever it is the laws of living demands that we make one in every circumstance in other to live. But every single choice we make comes along with a shadow . This shadow is generally referred as consequence . It is very easy in the choice making decision to conjure our best planning skills to navigate the maze of options that covers the path to wherever we want to go and whatever we want to achieve. However, we scarcely make provisions for dealing with the consequences of our choices . And so consequences of our choices have become more or less a headache in society. More often than not, the consequences of our choices open our eyes to the glitter of all the other options we pushed aside. And then we start to think that the choices we made were poor ones . Sometimes we feel like turning back the clock and rewinding the tape in other to make a better choice. Truth is, it does not matter how hard or how badly you want to change the choice. A choice made is a choice made. The best that you can do about it is to develop a positive attitude about it and face the consequences. The bottom line is this: regardless of the consequences that we are going through now, we are all trying to accomplish increasingly more out of the choices we made with increasingly less resources –whether these resources are money, time, focus or energy. The challenge is not that we do not make rational choices, rather, our refusal to focus and work hard at the choices we have made, make those options we left behind glitter like the twinkling stars. Instead of constantly looking over your shoulder at the glittering options you left behind, your best bet is to live positively with your choices and look towards the future . Looking back means you are dwelling on the past instead of living in the present and being stuck in the past does not help you make any better choices in the future. We can all look at our circumstances and point out instances where different choices could have given us a different way of life . But it only sounds easy in words. In action, they are difficult . For the surprising majority of us, when the consequences of our choices rear its ugly head, we respond in a very predictable way. We turn in the opposite direction and try to outrun it . The only problem is that, before long the consequences catches up with us. And so instead of outrunning the consequences, we actually run into it , maximizing our exposure to it. Or like we say,† Challenges and problems compound when we ignore them , and we end up being exposed to something longer and or worse than what might have been. Our best bet is to wait for the consequences to come right at us and as it arrives, we must charge directly into them. By charging at the consequences of our choices, we run straight through it, which minimizes the amount of negative effect we experience . And why not, in life most of the brilliant options are about doing the hard things you know you should do, even when you do not feel like doing them, but doing as early on as possible. As long as we live, we are going to make a lot of choices. And if we do not want negative consequences, then we have to think about and evaluate our choices differently than we have been doing. It is about giving a lot of forethought to the consequences of the choices we are faced with. And it is about being ready to deal positively with whatever consequences that materializes out of the choices we make.

Does Kenya Get the Full Benefit From its Tourist Industry?

My coursework task is to write a report about Kenya to show that I have studied Kenya and its tourist industry and can make a judgement about how much Kenya benefits from the tourists that visit the country. Kenya is an equatorial country located on the east side of the continent of Africa bordering Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania and the Indian Ocean. Kenya is also bordered by Lake Victoria in the west. Kenya lies between 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½N and 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½S and covers an area of 582,646Kmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Kenya has an extremely diverse relief with a low coastal plain spanning 536km, inland plateaux regions and multiple mountain ranges and isolated peaks. Tourism has become the most important part of Kenya's economy accounting for 38% of industry in the developing country. Kenya's main tourist attractions are the many game parks across the country, including the popular Massai Mara reserve and the more exclusive Tsavo National Park. Kenya also offers Golden beaches and 5-star hotels along its 536km of coastline. The map below shows the location of Kenya within Africa, Important tourist destinations, Major Game reserves and relief. Map of Kenya and the Surrounding Countries Kenya lies on the equator but the annual rainfall is unusually low and varies from year to year. This is due to the seasonal winds blowing the intertropical cloud and rain relatively quickly across Kenya in April and October and the Monsoons taking a track parallel to the coast and passing over large areas of land before reaching Kenya. You would expect the temperature in Kenya to be constantly high as it is an equatorial and so the sunlight hits the earth vertically and with more concentration than at latitudes away from the equator all year round, but the average temperatures in Kenya are relatively low compared to other equatorial African countries due to the variation in altitude. Only the low lying coastal areas of Kenya experience constant high temperature associated with equatorial locations. There are two rainy seasons; March – May and November – December and two dry seasons in between. The country's climate can be divided into four regions: Coastal region The temperature and humidity stay relatively high all year round but the offshore wind and the long days make the area bearable. It receives some rain all year round mostly in the small hours of the morning. The Northern Frontier and Lower Inland Plateau This section of the country experiences a low annual rainfall considering its equatorial location (usually below 500mm). The temperatures are high throughout the year and the humidity low. The Kenya Highlands This region to the west of the country is the most agriculturally productive land in the country. As Kenya is a developing country with a huge slice of its industry being primary the region is also the most densely populated. Kenya's Double rainy season does feature in the region but rainfall is moderate and exceeds 1250mm only on the highest parts of the area. The region experiences its lowest temperatures from June to September, the nights being described as â€Å"chilly†. The Higher Mountain Regions These areas are above 2500m and are small. Temperatures fall low enough for frost to form and some snow to fall. Mt Kenya has a permanent snow cap. Kenya receives two rainy seasons because of the tilt of the earth when orbiting the sun. The following diagram illustrates this: The tropic of Capricorn is closest to the sun. It becomes warmed by the sun. During the day more water evaporates causing clouds to form bringing rain. 231/2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½South Tropic of Capricorn The earth spins on its axis, the angle at which it faces the sun changes gradually tilting towards the equator this then warms the equator 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Equator – Kenya This tilt increases until it reaches 231/2 N where the tropic of cancer is warmed. 231/2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½North Tropic of Cancer The whole process is reversed tilting back to the tropic of Capricorn via the equator. The full tilt and reverse tilt of the earth's axis takes a year. This is why Kenya has two rainy seasons due to the position of the overhead sun. * Sunlight The two Climate graphs above show the climate of Mombassa, Kenya and London, England for comparison. The Graph of Mombassa shows the two rainy seasons. The graphs also indicate a main reason why tourists visit Kenya. The lowest temperature Mombassa endures is 24à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, higher than the highest temperature London endures. The Hottest times of the year in Mombassa coincide with the coldest time of the year in London. This is one of the major reasons tourists visit Kenya. Because the country has two rainy seasons it also has two grazing seasons. The Savannah ecosystem means that more species can live in harmony together. Darwin's â€Å"survival of the fittest† theory states that when two species are in direct competition the best evolved will survive, the reason the Savannah can support so many animals is that all the animals have a â€Å"niche† and so are not all in direct competition. Some species are Grazers, some are browsers etc. This is called Grazing succession; the grazing succession ensures that every opportunity to use the supply of food is taken. It is a similar pattern for Carnivores; Lions make a kill but leave plenty of food for spotted Hyenas and again for the vultures. Each specie waits in turn to be fed. The following diagram is an example of Grazing succession: The Savannah is famed for the diversity of species of large animals that live there. There are near forty different types of herbivores, plus the carnivores, this is a simple food web of part of the savannah ecosystem: The Savannah and the balance of the ecosystem is important to Kenya's Tourist Industry as it provides the main incentive for tourists to holiday there. It is important that the Industry does all it can to preserve the delicate balance. The following table is a selection of the people who are involved with Kenya's tourist industry. It helps sum up their views and why they hold that view. It also helps me conclude which direction the people involved in Kenya's tourist industry wish it to go. Person Group(s) of people they represent What view they hold about tourism In Kenya Why they hold their view A European Tourist Tourists Tourism is good for Kenya but only when it is controlled It is their lifelong dream to go on safari and think that it's excellent to see all the animals in their natural habitat. But they have reservations about how much the tourists are damaging the animal's natural habitat. A Kenyan Maasai Maasai tribe Against mass tourism The Maasai people have been ejected from their homeland to make way for the tourists. They are no longer allowed to live in the game park. The tribe is no longer allowed to migrate around the country. Muslim from Mombassa The Muslim community of Mombassa Against tourism Induces changes to there culture and insults their religious followings. I.e. western women show their bodies. Tourists bring with them alcohol, drugs and sex tourism. Mombassa has therefore found a rise in crime and social unbalance as young black men marry older white women and immigrate to Europe. Muslim from Lamu The Muslim community of Lamu For sustainable tourism Lamu has restrictions on the way tourists dress and behave. There are no bars in Lamu and there are restrictions on the size and design of hotels. E.g. they have to be white and made of local materials. The Muslim community also work closely with travel agents and a certain amount of the price tourists pay towards there holiday goes back into the community and maintenance of the town. A Marine Biologist Conservationists Against tourism as it is now Tour guides don't do enough to prevent the destruction of the coral. They let tourists stand on the coral and even drop their anchors (which is illegal but the law is not enforced) because of the bigger tips on offer. This means the coral reef becomes unbalanced and slowly dies and therefore no more tourists will want to go and see the reef. Laws should be enforced to save the reef and any future tourism. Owner of Glass Bottom Boat Tour guides For and against Gets a major income from taking tourists out in their boat. The marine park is swamped by boats at low tide which means there are lots of pollutants are going into the reef. The boats also collide into the reef and their customers also stand on the reef. Game Warden Conservationists Against tourism as it is Tour bus drivers in the Maasai Mara reserve go far too close to the animals. There is a rule that they can't go closer than 25m to animal but they disobey this rule for better tips. There are too many tourist busses for him to police. The animals suffer and reproduction rates have dropped rapidly. Most of the above groups are for tourism in one way or another. It seems that they all would like to have a sustainable tourist industry where the needs of the tourists aren't put above that of the local population and the natural habitat. Sustainable tourism would also prolong the life of the tourist destinations thus providing an income for many generations of Kenyans. So, Does Kenya get the full benefit from its tourist industry? Kenya is a developing country. I can see that it is a developing country by using development indicators. These include; GNP (Gross National Product), jobs, Trade, population, health and education. Most Kenyans are employed in the primary sector; relatively few are involved in secondary or tertiary industry apart from tourism. This is shown in the pie chat below: This is one indicator that Kenya is developing. Another indicator is that most of Kenya's exports are raw materials (Shown in the chart below), this shows that the country is developing compared to a developed country like the United Kingdom whose exports are mainly manufactured goods and services. Kenya also has a high birth rate, infant mortality rate and a low literacy rate, all of which are indicators of a developing country. Possibly the Best way to judge whether a country is developing is by looking at its GNP (Gross National Product). The table below shows that Kenya is still developing as a county because it shows 83% of the countries in the world to have a higher GNP than that of Kenya. Compared with a Developed country such as the United Kingdom (GNP- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½18700) and even with man African counties Kenya has a long way to go before it can call itself a developed country. Table 8. Kenya: GNP (Gross National Product) Countries in the world with higher GNP than Kenya 83% Countries in the world with same GNP as Kenya 2.5% Countries in the world with lower GNP than Kenya 14.5% Countries in Africa with higher GNP than Kenya 52% Countries in Africa with same GNP as Kenya 10.5% Countries in Africa with lower GNP than Kenya 37.5% Kenya's GNP per person (1995) = US $280 Kenya needs to continue to develop tourism as it will bring more money into the country so it can start providing better health services and education services for its population. Tourism is seen as a good way to continue developing a country. The table printed below shows employment in the hotel industry. General Managers in hotels are mainly Non-African. This means that a lot of money is not going to Kenyan employees and therefore doesn't go back into the community. This also true with some Hotel profits going to multinational companies based in developed countries. This means the profits of the tourist trade done by these multinational giants aren't going back into Kenya. However I feel that if Kenya continues to develop it will start to produce graduates capable of filling higher positions in the tourist industry, therefore bringing more money back into Kenya's economy. At the present time Kenya has developed tourism in the inland game and safari parks and along the shores of the Indian Ocean. The development along the coast is mainly luxury hotels, new developments that have sprung up especially for the tourists. Most of the Game parks have gone this way too with 5-star lodges etc. there are only a few exceptions, Tsavo Safari park is one of them with the emphasis on preserving the land and protecting it from the potential devastation tourism can bring. Most Kenyans benefit from tourism in Kenya, mainly the people who work directly with the tourists or derive their incomes from the industry, for example hotel owners, tour guides and safari park operators, But also the whole of Kenya can potentially benefit from tourism if the money spent by tourists in Kenya is put back into the community in the form of hospitals and schools. The groups of people who are affected in a negative way by tourism are mainly those whose ways of life are changed or oppressed by the tourists. For example the Muslim community of Mombassa. They feel that the tourists don't respect their way of life and their religious followings. Personally I feel that Kenya is feeling the full benefit from tourism as they see a huge amount of people now holidaying in Kenya. However I do feel that the Kenyan tourist board needs to do more to work towards maintaining a sustainable tourist industry if it wishes to continue to feel the full benefit. The Kenyan authorities should take note of example like Tsavo National Park and Lamu where sustainable tourism is already operating. In these areas special care is taken not to damage the environment. For example in Tsavo the accommodation is Temporary and so can be moved about so the land receives equal wear. The tour guides also operate under strict rules when approaching animals and taking paths along the park. In Lamu a levee is placed on all tourist payments to go back into the town to maintain the local way of life and therefore the tourist attraction itself. The tourists also are encouraged to abide by the Muslim dress rules when going out and there is no alcohol available in accordance with their religion. If the Whole of the Kenyan Industry adopted policies similar to this it would preserve the tourist attractions for generations of Kenyans and would most probably attract more tourists, as the people who go to Kenya like to experience local culture and animals in their natural habitat, rather than it feel manufactured to their needs. Kenya will also further its economical development by operating this scheme as it will ensure a higher percentage of income from the tourist trade staying in the country.

Beginning Your Mystery Novel

Beginning Your Mystery Novel Beginning Your Mystery Novel Beginning Your Mystery Novel By Maeve Maddox Youve got a great idea for a mystery novel. You can hardly wait to get started, but before you launch into that first chapter, three steps can save you hours of frustration and repair work later. 1. With the murder as the central event, draw a time line. Indicate where every character is at any given time. This will aid you in the creation of alibis. It will also prevent you from placing a character in two places at the same time. Have a clear idea from the outset as to what period of time your story will cover. Suspense is always greater when the action takes place within strict time constraints. 2. Write brief a biographical sketch for each character. You may have only three characters to begin with: victim, detective, and person telling the story. As new characters enter the story, add their bios. Take the time to think of appropriate names for your characters. Using temporary names and changing them later is counterproductive. Names contribute to a sense of character. The biographies neednt be lengthy. Obvious information needed: the characters physical appearance age gender aspirations role in the story Knowing the characters likes and dislikes, past disappointments, and at least one childhood trauma will feed your unconscious mind, contributing to the plot in ways you cant anticipate when you begin your story. If in addition you give each character a secret, the way is clear to provide false leads by making the innocent characters behave in suspicious ways. 3. Keep your draft in one word processing file, not in separate files for each chapter. Having it all in one big file will simplify revision. You will want to rearrange chapters and spread out information. Its much easier to do that when the entire draft is in one searchable file. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Sentence Adverbs

How to Write a Good Attendance Policy

How to Write a Good Attendance Policy Attendance is one of the biggest indicators of school success. Students who attend school regularly are naturally exposed to more than those who are routinely absent. Furthermore, absences can quickly add up. A student who misses an average of twelve days a year from kindergarten through twelfth grade will miss 156 days of school which nearly translate to an entire year.  Schools must do everything within their limited power to compel parents to get their children to school. Adopting and maintaining a strict school attendance policy is a necessity for every school. Sample School Attendance Policy Because we are concerned about your child’s safety and well-being, we ask that you notify the school by phone the morning the student is absent by 10:00 AM. Failure to do this will result in the student receiving an unexcused absence. Types of absences are: Excused: An absence due to illness, doctor’s appointment, or serious illness or death of a family member. Students must go to the teachers and request make-up work immediately upon their return. The number of days absent plus one will be allowed for every consecutive day missed. The first five absences will only require a phone call to be excused. However, any absence after five will require a call and a doctor’s note upon the return of the student to be excused. Explained: An explained absence (not an absence due to illness, doctor’s appointment, serious illness, or death of a family member) is when a parent/guardian takes the student out of school with the principal’s prior knowledge and approval. Students will be required to obtain assignments for classes to be missed and an assignment form completed before leaving the school. The assignments will be due on the day the student returns to school. Failure to follow this policy will result in the absence being recorded as an unexcused absence. Extra-Curricular Activity Absences: Students are allowed 10 activity absences. Activity absence is any absence that is school related or school sponsored. Extra-curricular activities include, but are not limited to, field trips, competitive events, and student activities. Truancy: A student who leaves school without parental consent or is absent from school on a regular basis without school authorization, or has a high rate of absenteeism shall be reported to the County District Attorney. Parents/Guardians are compelled to send their child to school and could incur legal liability for failure to do so. Unexcused: An absence in which the student is out of school that does not qualify as excused or explained. The student will be brought to the office for disciplinary action and will receive no credit (0’s) for all class work missed. When a parent does not call to report an absence by 10:00 AM the morning of absence, the school will attempt to reach the parents at home or work. The principal can determine or change an absence from excused to unexcused, or from unexcused to excused. Excessive Absences: A letter will be sent informing any parent when their child has 5 total absences in a semester. This letter is meant to serve as a warning that attendance may be becoming an issue.A letter will be sent informing any parent when their child has 3 total unexcused absences in a semester. This letter is meant to serve as a warning that attendance is becoming an issue.After 10 total absences in a semester, the student will be required to make up each additional absence through Summer School, or they will not be promoted to the next grade level. For example, 15 total absences in a semester will require 5 days of Summer School to make up those days.After 5 total unexcused absences in a semester, the student will be required to make up each additional absence through Summer School in May, or they will not be promoted to the next grade level. For example, 7 total unexcused absences will require 2 days of Summer School to make up those days.If a student has 10 unexcused absences in a semester, the parents/guardians will be reported to the local district attorney. The student is also subject to automatic grade retention. Attendance letters will be automatically mailed when a student reaches 6 and 10 unexcused absences or 10 and 15 total absences during the school year. This letter is intended to inform the parent/guardian that there is an attendance issue that needs to be corrected along with potential consequences.Any student having more than 12 unexcused absences or 20 total absences for the entirety of the school year will be automatically retained in the current grade level regardless of academic performance.An administrator may make exceptions for extenuating circumstances at their discretion. Extenuating circumstances may include hospitalization, long-term illness, the death of an immediate family member, etc.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Marketing - Essay Example We have athletic shoes for basketball, running and tennis, among others. There are athletic shoes that can also double as casual shoes and these are what we popularly call trainers and sneakers. Nike, Adidas and Reebok dominate the athletic shoe market and the competition is fierce because there is a large market for it. The young people/the college student culture is our target consumers due to their active and upwardly mobile lifestyle. The actual purchasing process of our target market could be categorized into two: traditional and online purchasing. Traditional purchasing process is when the consumer buys from a store while online purchasing is when the consumer orders the product using the internet. Online purchasing is the more interesting of the two. Today, the college-students subculture is popularly known as the MySpace generation. This tag is after a hugely popular social networking website called MySpace.com. It came to be synonymous to our target market because it represents how the web figures in young people’s lives especially socially and as a consumer. BusinessWeek reported that our market live online, buy online and play online. To penetrate the market and acquire a significant share of mind, we should tap the endorsement of popular icons among the college-students. It would not hurt if we follow the lead of Nike when they hired Michael Jordan to endorse their shoes. There was a quantified improvement on the Adidas sale when trendsetters like Claudia Schiffer and Madonna started sporting their products. (Wallace) The strategy of launching a comprehensive sponsorship of sporting events not just professional but on American collegiate level must also be seriously considered. There is nothing more effective than touching base with our market leaving us with the message that we are real and giving them opportunity to gauge our products’ strengths. Finally,

Evolution intellegence design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution intellegence design - Essay Example Fundamentally, the concept of intelligent design has to do with the premise that certain aspects of the world and the biological creations around us are only explained with the assumption that some kind of intelligence was behind their creation. Accordingly, the process of natural selection can only explain a part of the creation equation and not the whole. The supporters of intelligent design also say that it is a scientific theory and should be accepted on an equal level if not given more importance as compared to other scientifically accepted theories about the creation of the universe and the beginning of life on the planet (Natural History Magazine, 2002). Intelligent design proponents look for proof of some signs of intelligence, i.e. the physical or chemical properties of an object which can only be created by a force which designs them. The commonly cited signs of intelligence are the incredible complexity of various biological and geological mechanisms which have resulted in the world we live in today. These ideas are completely opposed to the mainstream scientific community which seeks to prove ideas with facts, hypotheses and experimental evaluations (Natural History Magazine, 2002). The scientific community expects to see incontestable data to explain the natural world through intelligent design and give reasons for biological processes such as gene mutations and natural selection. Currently, the vast majority of scientific minds consider intelligent design as a pseudoscience. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences has been reported as saying that intelligent design and other non-scientific claims of supernatural or guided intervention in the origins of life can not be called science because they cannot be tested by experimental observations. Additionally, intelligent design does not give any predictions nor does it propose any new hypotheses (Wikipedia, 2006). It is clear to me that intelligent design works with an appeal to religious